Omega 3 and Omega 6 fatty acids make up nearly all the complex lipids of vegetable and animal fats. Omega 3 and Omega 6 are essential molecules, necessary for the correct functioning of the organism. They are among the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) due to the characteristic of the various double bonds within their chain of carbon atoms.
The principle fatty acids of the Omega-3 group are:
- α-linolenic acid or ω3α (18:3; ALA)
- Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5; EPA)
- Docosaenoic acid (22:6; DHA)
each composed of, respectively, 3, 5 and 6 double chains in their chain of, respectively, 18, 20 and 22 atoms of carbon. EPA and DHA acids can be synthesised in the human organism after synthesis of ALA, but only in small quantities therefore they must be obtained from dietary sources. They are present in different varieties of fish (herring, salmon, mackeral, swordfish, anchovy, trout), in vegetable oils (soya, sunflower, olive, linen), in walnuts, and in pulses
1. Efficacy of W-3 Fatty Acids in Preventing Age-Related Macular Degeneration. A Systematic Review. Ophthalmology 2006; 113(7): 1165-1173.
2. SanGiovanni JP, Chew EY. The role of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in health and disease of the retina. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2005 Jan;24(1):87-138. Review.
3. Ricardo Uauy, Patricia Mena and Cecilia Rojas. Essential fatty acids in early life: structural and functional role. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2000; 59, 3–15.
4. Anderson RE, Maude MB, McClellan M, Matthes MT, Yasumura D, LaVail MM Low docosahexaenoic acid levels in rod outer segments of rats with P23H and S334ter rhodopsin mutations. Mol Vis. 2002 Sep 23;8:351-8.
5. Alessandri JM, Goustard B, Guesnet P, Durand G, Docosahexaenoic acid concentrations in retinal phospholipids of piglets fed an infant formula enriched with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: effects of egg phospholipids and fish oils with different ratios of eicosapentaenoic acid to docosahexaenoic acid. Am J Clin Nutr 1998: 67: 377-385.
6. Wang N, Anderson RE Synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid by retina and retinal pigment epithelium. Biochemistry. 1993 Dec 14;32(49):13703-9.
7. Wang N, Anderson RE. Transport of 22:6n-3 in the plasma and uptake into retinal pigment epithelium and retina. Exp Eye Res. 1993 Aug;57(2):225-33.
8. Johnson EJ, Schaefer EJ. Potential role of dietary n-3 fatty acids in the prevention of dementia and macular degeneration. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jun;83(6 Suppl):1494S-1498S. Review.
10. Cho E et all, Prospective study of dietary fat and the risk of age-related macular degeneration. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 73: 209-218.
11. ARVO 2006 Leung IY et all, Nutritional effects of n-3 fatty acids, lutein and zeaxanthin on the lipofuscin accumulation in the foveal retinal pigment epithelium of rhesus monkeys.
12. Nolan JM, et al. (2006) “Monthly consistency of macular pigment optical density and serum concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin”. Curr Eye Res. 31(2): 199-213.
13. Rodriguez-Carmona M, et al. (2006) “The effects of supplementation with lutein and /or zeaxanthin on human macular pigment density and colour vision”. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 26(2): 137-147.
14. Kim SR, Nakanishi K, Itagaki Y, Sparrow JR, (2006) “Photooxidation of A2-PE, a photoreceptor outer segment flourophore, and protection by lutein and zeaxanthin”. Exp Eye Res. 82(5): 828-839.
15. Santosa S, Jones P J H, (2005) “Oxidative stress in ocular disease: does lutein play a protective role” CMAJ 173(8):861-862.
16. Bernstein PS et all, Resonance Raman measurement of macular carotenoidds in normal subjects and in age-related macular degeneration patients. Ophthalmology 2002; 109(10):1780-7.
17. Richer SP et all, The lutein antioxidant supplementation trial (LAST).Optometry 2004; 75(4):216-30.
18. Moeller SM, Parekh N, Tinker L, Ritenbaugh C, Blodi B, Wallace RB, Mares JA; CAREDS Research Study Group. Associations between intermediate age-related macular degeneration and lutein and zeaxanthin in the Carotenoids in Age-related Eye Disease Study (CAREDS): ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006 Aug;124(8):1151-62.
19. Delcourt C, Carriere I, Delage M, Barberger-Gateau P, Schalch W; POLA Study Group. Plasma lutein and zeaxanthin and other carotenoids as modifiable risk factors for age-related maculopathy and cataract: the POLA Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006 Jun;47(6):2329-35.
Composition
Lutein
10 mg
Zeaxantina
2 mg
Fatty acidsi Omega-3 (10%EPA+50%DHA)
400 mg
Vitamin C
60 mg
Vitamin E
10 mg
Copper
1 mg
Zinc
15 mg
Description
LUTEINomega3 contains a rational association of Lutein, polyunsaturated Omega-3 fatty acids (DHA+EPA), vitamins, zinc and copper.
Lutein is a substance that the human organism is unable to synthesize but is assimilated after dietary consumption thanks to its presence in natural foods such as leaf vegetables. Once it is introduced in the organism, Lutein is widely distributed, including in the eye where it is deposited on the retina, and mainly on the macula, and is the main active defence pigment.
Lutein is a strong antioxidant able to neutralise the reactive species of oxygen that are produced during metabolic processes and, with reference to the eye, caused by long-wave light (blue light). Luitein contributes therefore in maintaining functionality and integrity of the sensitive structures of the eye (retina, iris, crystalline) thus preventing or at least minimising damage caused by free radicals.
Clinical Studies have demonstrated that Lutein increases contrast sensitivity; in many cases it improves the visual function and reduces photophobia and flashing phenomena. Due to its specific antioxidant activity Lutein has proved effective in protecting the macula from age-related degeneration, in both its atrophic and exudative/neovascular forms.
Omega-3 fatty acids are considered “essential” substances since the organism is unable to produce them. They accumulate selectively and electively within the eye’s retinal tissue.
Omega3 fatty acids, and in particular docosaenoic acid (DHA), are the principle components of the phospholipidic fraction of the retinal photoreceptor cell membranes and contribute to the response to light stimulation.
Omega-3 fatty acids contribute to preserve the integrity of the retinal structure and are considered to have an important role in the protection of the visual function, thanks to their vasoprotective and neuroprotective effects and positive influence on the phototransduction biochemical processes.
Recent studies have demonstrated that an increased dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids is positively associated to a reduction of the risk of AMD (Age-related macular degeneration) and that the rational association of Omega3/Lutein/Antioxidants contributes to the prevention of retinal diseases.
Vitamins E and VitaminsC are well known for their antioxidant activity and are considered among the most powerful antioxidants available within the organism, able to protect the integrity of the tissues and their functional physiological reactions.
Together with Lutein, they produce a synergic effect in binding and eliminating free radicals that represent the principal causes of deterioration of many delicate tissues, following damage to the cell membranes. Regular dietary intake helps in reducing the risk of pathologies of the arteries (retina, heart, etc.) and contributes in protecting the metabolic integrity of ocular tissues. Zinc and Copper are fundamental minerals for maintaining the human organism in good health and recent studies have demonstrated that the intake of these elements, associated with antioxidants, significantly reduces the risk of visual function impairment following age-related macula degeneration.
Product Use
INDICATIONS • LUTEIN omega3 is indicated in situations where the organism requires a greater quantity or when dietary consumption is insufficient. • LUTEIN omega3 can be particularly useful in preventing damage to the macula and other sensitive ocular structures. • LUTEIN omega3 is useful also in those cases in which protection of the vascular or neural components of the eyes is required.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
One capsule per day to be swallowed with water.
PACKAGE
Box containing blister of 30 soft capsules.
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