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Bibliography

1. The Ocular Surface 2007. Report of the international Work Shop (DEWS) Aprile 2007 vol.5, number 2
2. James MJ, Gibson RA, Cleland LG. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory mediator production. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71(1Suppl): 343S-8S (BS2).
3. Endres S, Ghorbani R, Kelley VE, et al. The effect of dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the synthesis of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor by mononuclear cells. N Engl J Med 1989;320:265-71 (BS1).
4. Barabino S, Rolando M, Camicione P, et al. Systemic linoleic and gammalinolenicacid therapy in dry eye syndrome with an inflammatorycomponent. Cornea 2003;22:97-101 (CS2).
5. The relationship between dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids andclinically diagnosed dry eye syndrome in women 1,2,3 Biljana Miljanovic, Komal A. Trivedi, M. Reza Dana, Jeffery P. Gilbard, Julie E. Buring, andDebra A. Schaumberg Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 October ; 82(4): 887-893
6. A randomised controlled trial investigating the effect of n-3long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on cognitive and retinal function in cognitively healthy older people: the OlderPeople And n-3 Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (OPAL) study protocol Alan D Dangour, Felicity Clemens, Diana Elbourne, Nicky Fasey, Astrid E Fletcher, Pollyanna Hardy, Graham E Holder, Felicia A Huppert7, Rosemary Knightì, Louise Letleyì, Marcus Richardsì,Ann Truesdale, Madge Vickers9 and Ricardo Uauy. Nutrition Jurnal 6 Mar. 2007
7. Packer L., Kraemer K., Rimbach G., Molecular aspects of lipoic acid in the prevention of diabetes complications. Nutrition 2001; 17: 888-95.
8. Ceriello A., MD. New insights of oxidative stress and diabetic complications may lead to a causal antioxidant therapy. Diabetes Care 2003; 26:1959-96
9. Androne L., Gavan NA, Veresiu IA, Orasan R., In vivo effect of lipoic acid peroxidation in pazients with diabetic neuropathy. 2000; 14(2):327-330
10. Martin J., Stevens, Irina Obrosova, Xianghui Cao et al. Effect of DL-a-lipoic Acid on Peripheral nerve conduction, Blood Flow, Energy Metabolism, and Oxidative Stress in Experimental diabetic Neurophaty. Diabetes 2000; vol 49
11. Studio della Superficie Oculare nel Paziente Diabetico Dopo Trattamento con Acido Alfa-Lipoico G. CHISARI - L. MELI 1 - C.G. CHISARI farmaci terapia international journal on drugs and therapy Vol. XXIV - n. 1-2 (21-?) - 2007
12. Androgen Deficiency, Meibomian Gland Dysfunction, and Evaporative Dry Eye DAVID A. SULLIVAN, BENJAMIN D. SULLIVAN, JAMES E. EVANS, FRANK SCHIRRA, HIROKO YAMAGAMI, MENG LIU, STEPHEN M. RICHARDS, TOMO SUZUKI, DEBRA A. SCHAUMBERG, ROSE M. SULLIVAN, M. REZA DANA, Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 Jun; 966:211-22.
13. Ocular surface changes over the menstrual cycle in women and without dry eye Piera Versura; Michela Fresina; Emilio C. Campos Department of Surgical Science and Transplants, Section of Ophthalmology, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy Gynecological Endocrinology, Volume 23, Issue 7 July 2007, pages 385 - 390
14. Herbal Therapies for perimenopausal and menopausal complains Debra Israel, Ellis Qu.nnPharmacotherapy 1997; 17(5):970-984
15. Estrogens and phytoestrogens: brain plasticity of sexually dimorphic brain volumes. Lephart ED, Rhees RW, Setchell KD, Bu LH, Lund TD J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2003 Jun;85(2-5):299-309.
16. Mathers WD, Stovall D., Lane JA, Zimmerman MB, Johnson S. Menopause and tear function: the influence of prolactin and sex hormones on human tear production. Cornea. 1998 Jul;17(4):353-8.
17. Sullivan DA, Sullivan BD, Evans JE et al. Androgen deficiency, Meibomian gland dysfunction, and evaporative dry eye. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002; 966: 211-222
18. Sullivan BD, Evans JE, Cermak JM et al. Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome: effect on human meibomian gland secretions. Arch Ophthalmol 2002; 120 (12): 1689-1699
19. Bron AJ, Tiffany JM. The meibomian glands and tear film lipids. In: Sullivan D et al (Hrsg). Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film, and Dry Eye Syndromes 2. New York: Plenum Press, 1998: 281 -295
20. Report of the International Dry Eye Work Shop (Dew) April 2007 Volume 5, Number 2; 13-14

 
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Lacrisek capsules
Composition
 
Fish oil 240 mg
Alpha lipoic acid 100 mg
Phytoestrogens (fenugreek extract at 50%) 200 mg
 
Description

LACRISEK® capsule is a dietary supplement containing alpha lipoic acid, omega-3 fatty acids and phytoestrogens (Trigonella foenum-grecum).

Lacrisek® capsules helps correct the pathogenetic features of dry eye syndrome. Dry eye syndrome is generated by several factors, which cause inflammation on the eye surface and the lacrimal glands. This inflammation reduces the normal tear-production capacity of the glands, consequently damaging the corneo-conjunctival surface and turning the condition into a chronic situation.

Lacrisek® capsules is a rational association of substances which can be useful in all cases of insufficient tears and related conditions (dry eyes etc).

ALPHA LIPOIC ACID
Lipoic acid, also known as alpha lipoic acid or thioctic acid, is produced by almost all animals and plays a fundamental role in the energetic metabolism of our cells. It is normally ingested with food and can be found in liver, potatoes, yeast, broccoli and spinach.
Lipoic acid plays an important role in our health thanks to its intense antioxidant activity, but its most important characteristic is the fact that it is a co-factor in fundamental enzymatic processes within our cells. As an antioxidant, it can protect our body by fighting the damage caused by the formation of free radicals and by helping generate other important antioxidants already present in our body, such as vitamins E and C and glutathione.

FISH OIL
Omega-3 fatty acids belong to the group of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are called “essential” because our bodies cannot synthesize them, but they are fundamental for the physiologic growth and activities of organs and tissues. Their presence seems to help reduce tissue reaction and to improve lacrimal function, restoring the homeostasis of the lacrimal film itself.
Omega-3 fatty acids reduce the production of inflammation mediators, such as prostaglandins, therefore improving the irritative symptoms of the dry eye syndrome.

PHYTOESTROGENS
Thanks to its furostanol saponins, fenugreek can be particularly helpful when our bodies are subject to intense changes, such as during menopause or andropause or in particularly stressful or fatiguing periods of our lives. The fenugreek extract favors lipid production by the meibomian glands, therefore helping retain the water component of the lacrimal film and improving the symptoms of dryness in the mucosae.

Lacrisek® capsules:
. RESTORES THE PHYSIOLOGIC FUNCTION OF THE LACRIMAL FILM
. REDUCES INFLAMMATION IN DRY EYES
. IMPROVES THE STABILITY OF THE LACRIMAL FILM
. SOOTHES OR ELIMINATES THE DISCOMFORT OF DRY EYES

 
Product Use

INTENDED USES
Lacrisek® capsules can be used in all cases of increased need or insufficient ingestion of its components.
Lacrisek® capsules may be helpful against lacrimal insufficiency of various causes.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
1 capsule per day.

PACKAGING
Box: one blister containing 30 capsules

 
 
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